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We demonstrate a role for low oxygen to regulate ATX
2024-10-21
We demonstrate a role for low oxygen to regulate ATX mRNA in hepatocyte-derived HuH7 CA074 and human liver slices, consistent with reports of increased ATX expression in a variety of tumours that are frequently hypoxic. Importantly, we show a positive association between elevated ATX mRNA levels in
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At present the role of autophagy in neurons remains
2024-10-21
At present, the role of autophagy in neurons remains controversial. Autophagy has homeostatic and waste-recycling functions and plays a protective role in neurodegeneration diseases. Moreover, it has been thought as a programmed cell death participating in the occurrence and development of various d
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After infection with Salmonella those bacteria
2024-10-21
After infection with Salmonella those bacteria that are not targeted by autophagy of the complete Salmonella-containing phagosome (see above) but are living freely in the cytosol can be eliminated by xenophagy, that is direct targeting of the ‘naked’ bacteria to the autophagic pathway. The type III
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We also show that in both ATM
2024-10-21
We also show that in both ATM proficient and deficient/mutant 3 tailing the activation of ATR signaling is DSB complexity-dependent (Figs. 1, 4A, C and E, 6A and B). Wang et al. have also reported that the effects of ATR and CHK1 on radiosensitivity are independent of the NHEJ repair pathway [41], [
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Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase have been develo
2024-10-21
Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca
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The MOB and AOB are important in ungulates
2024-10-21
The MOB and AOB are important in ungulates (Keller and Levy, 2012, Sanchez-Andrade and Kendrick, 2009), which rely heavily on odorant information for social interactions (Baum and Cherry, 2015, Keller and Levy, 2012, Osada et al., 2014, Villagran and Ungerfeld, 2013). The release of GABA and glutama
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br Acknowledgements This work is sponsored by
2024-10-21
Acknowledgements This work is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31201963) and Youth Backbone Teachers Project in Henan Province Department of Education, China (grant no. 2016GGJS-061). Introduction Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disord
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In conclusion there are only a few
2024-10-21
In conclusion, there are only a few experimental reports evaluating the influence of PF2341066 on allergy. With the exception of studies using macrolides, most point to their harmful effect on the severity of this disease. Future studies will be crucial to define the impact of antibiotic use on alle
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To further evaluate the influence of antibiotics
2024-10-21
To further evaluate the influence of GDC0449 on allergy, Russel et al. initiated vancomycin treatment during pregnancy in mice and continued it for several weeks after birth. This resulted in exaggerated OVA-induced allergic inflammation, characterized by higher numbers of lung eosinophils, elevate
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Previous studies have thus demonstrated that
2024-10-21
Previous studies have thus demonstrated that AR activation generally correlates with the promotion of urothelial carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In this article, we review available data suggesting their modulation through the AR pathway as well as correlations of AR signals with sensitivity to co
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Amyloid deposit formation
2024-10-21
Acknowledgments Introduction Amyloid deposit formation is defined by the aggregation of β-sheeted forms of proteins that appear as starch-like amorphous material [1], [2]. Using a Kongo red stain, amyloids show birefringence behavior and an apple-green to reddish multicolor emission. Extracere
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Interestingly we noticed that LPS exposure was
2024-10-21
Interestingly, we noticed that LPS exposure was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and increased phosphorylation of p70S6K1, suggesting that AMPK inactivation and the subsequent mTOR activation might be involved in the development of LPS-induced inflammation. On the other side, treatm
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We find that the interaction of NSF and
2024-10-21
We find that the interaction of NSF and SNAP is critically involved in NMDAR-induced PICK1 unclustering. The binding of SNAP to NSF increases the ATPase activity of NSF, which is known to be essential for the unbinding of PICK1 from GluR2 (Hanley et al., 2002). Disruption of the association between
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Introduction Increasing environmental pollution caused by he
2024-10-21
Introduction Increasing environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, originating mainly from industrial processes and urban activities, as well as the widespread application of pesticides, fertilizers, manure and sewage sludge, has posed a serious problem for safe food production and become a po
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Since the introduction of zebrafish into the
2024-10-19
Since the introduction of zebrafish into the laboratory, many milestones have been achieved that firmly establish this organism as a prominent genetic model for biology and medicine. Many features make this species an organism of easy maintenance in laboratory which provides advantages to understand
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