• br Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs

  2020-02-17

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• The Liver X Receptor and

  2020-02-17

  

  The Liver X Receptor-α and -β (LXRs, NR1H3 and NR1H2, respectively) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that play a central role in controlling cholesterol homeostasis [9], [10]. In macrophages, LXRs can decrease the cellular sterol burden by inducing expression of the cholesterol efflux

• Initially we ascertained that if the dose of

  2020-02-17

  

  Initially, we ascertained that if the dose of elastase was sufficient to cause pulmonary emphysema, then pulmonary emphysema could be maintained throughout the study. We found that elastase at 3U was sufficient to cause emphysema that remained over 35 days. In this experimental design of lung diseas

• At this stage it is

  2020-02-15

  

  At this stage it is still difficult to assign specific domains to some of the regions observed in these structures, although some attempts have already been made (Brewerton et al., 2004). Clearly, higher resolution data is needed. In the future, even if an atomic structure of DNA-PKcs is determined,

• Lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation

  2020-02-15

  

  Lipolysis and fatty PYR-41 oxidation are two important mechanisms involved in fat reduction. Over stimulation of lipolysis increases the level of FFAs in the serum and causes metabolic perturbation (Koutsari and Jensen, 2006). A large inflow of FFAs to the mitochondria may lead to mitochondrial mem

• br Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concep

  2020-02-15

  

  Acetylcholinesterase and cholinergic signaling The concept of a synapse between a neuron and an innervated cell, and the receptors that mediated their interaction, was developed by Bernard, Ehrlich, Sherrington, Langley and others (see [7], [8], [9]. It was long debated whether transmission of ne

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cholesterol is an essenti

  2020-02-15

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cholesterol is an essential lipid for the development, growth, and wellbeing of humans. In newborn children, cord blood cholesterol concentration is 1.5 mmol/l, on average [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. During the first year of life, cholesterol concentration in serum incre

• br Benefits and risks of traditional

  2020-02-15

  

  Benefits and risks of traditional combined oestrogen–progestogen HRT regimens Combined oestrogen–progestogen regimens were developed to reproduce the short- and long-term benefits of oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and to simultaneously provide appropriate protection against oestrogen-related

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion br Conflic

  2020-02-14

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Conflict of interest Introduction Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the congenital absence of DβH, the enzyme converting dopamine to noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve terminals and

• Thus DGK active sites remain ill defined and

  2020-02-14

  

  Thus, DGK-active sites remain ill-defined and, combined with the lack of crystal structures for mammalian DGKs, have limited our understanding of substrate and inhibitor binding. As a result, current DGK inhibitors consist of compounds with poor specificity within the DGK superfamily (de Chaffoy de

• Given the importance of cysteine cathepsin

  2020-02-14

  

  Given the importance of cysteine cathepsin inhibitors as putative therapeutic molecules and microbial virulence factors, we chose to investigate whether Yersinia enterocolitica may be a potent producer of such inhibitors. Y. enterocolitica is the most heterogeneous species within the genus Yersinia.

• Acknowledgments br Introduction Various researches have been

  2020-02-14

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Various researches have been made in the field of the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Different mechanisms are involved in the progression of cellular damage that gives an idea about new drug targets. There are always some efforts to improve efficacy,

• fxr agonist In contrast exposure of CRF a receptors to

  2020-02-14

  

  In contrast, exposure of CRF2(a) receptors to h/rCRF in living cells produced a strikingly weak translocation of βarrestin2 to the membrane. Specifically, we found a markedly lower magnitude and slower rate of βarrestin2 recruitment to CRF2(a) receptors in response to h/rCRF concentrations as high a

• The significance of the two biomarkers for the detection of

  2020-02-14

  

  The significance of the two biomarkers for the detection of Aspergillus antigen and DNA in the sputum of patients cannot be over-emphasised. The mean GMI value was higher among CPA patients than the ABPA. This might not be unconnected with the fact that CPA is associated with lung damage and pre-exi

• Previous work examining the link between the COMT gene

  2020-02-14

  

  Previous work examining the link between the COMT gene and ISV is limited and has produced contradicting results. The Val allele was linked with higher ISV of RTs following target trials in a continuous performance task (Stefanis et al., 2005) and with higher ISV of RT and P3b latencies of unfamilia

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